Identification on scale
What's Happening
Scale insects appear as small, immobile bumps on stems and leaves, often mistaken for natural growths or adventitious roots. Soft scales (Coccidae family) have waxy, convex coverings and excrete honeydew. Armored scales (Diaspididae family) have hard, detachable shells that protect the insect beneath. Pink wax scale, brown soft scale, and tea scale are common indoor species. These pests are frequently introduced on nursery stock and can remain undetected for months due to their sessile nature and resemblance to plant structures.
How to Fix It
- 1
Perform the scratch test: Gently attempt to dislodge the bump with a fingernail—scales detach with effort and reveal insects underneath; bark and roots remain attached
- 2
Inspect for honeydew and sooty mold—sticky residue and black fungal growth indicate soft scale presence
- 3
Check for ants farming scales—ants protect and transport scales in exchange for honeydew
- 4
Examine bump shape: Armored scales have circular, flat coverings like tiny helmets; soft scales are convex and irregular
- 5
Use 10x magnification to observe tiny legs or crawler movement on young scales
How to Prevent It
Quarantine new plants for 4+ weeks as scales take time to establish and reproduce; inspect thoroughly before purchase paying special attention to leaf undersides and stems; maintain plant health as stressed plants are more susceptible to scale establishment.